Posterolateral corner (PLC) reconstruction and lateral collateral ligament (LCL) repair are surgical procedures used to restore stability to the outer knee after significant injury. These surgeries often involve repairing or reconstructing the LCL, popliteofibular ligament, or popliteus tendon using techniques like socket- or tunnel-based fixation. Postoperatively, patients must use crutches for six weeks to offload the knee and protect the graft. These procedures are critical for restoring normal knee function, especially in individuals with combined ligament damage.

What is an MCL Injury?

The Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL) is a critical stabilizer of the knee joint, stretching from the femur (thighbone) to the tibia (shinbone). Although many are more familiar with ACL injuries, MCL injuries account for approximately 24% of all knee injuries. Damage to the MCL often occurs during falls or sports activities, leading to knee pain, swelling, and instability. Unlike the ACL, the MCL has the capacity to heal on its own, but some tears require surgical intervention to restore full stability and function.

Dr. Khaleel, Senior Consultant Arthroscopic Knee and Sports Surgeon at Kims Alshifa, Perintalmanna, Kerala, India, is highly skilled in treating severe ligament tears with MCL reconstruction.

Causes of MCL Injuries

1. Athletic Activities: Contact sports where impact is made to the outside of the knee joint.
2. Excessive Rotation: Twisting the knee beyond its normal range of motion.
3. Falls: Direct impact to the knee during a fall.

Symptoms of MCL Injuries

1. Pain: Sharp pain on the inner side of the knee.
2. Swelling: Immediate or delayed swelling around the knee joint.
3. Instability: Feeling of the knee giving way, especially during lateral movements.
4. Tenderness: Soreness along the inner side of the knee.

Diagnosis of MCL Injuries

Dr. Khaleel performs a comprehensive evaluation to diagnose an MCL injury, including:

1. Physical Examination: Assessing knee stability, range of motion, and localized tenderness.
2. X-rays: To rule out fractures and assess bone alignment.
3. MRI: Provides a detailed view of soft tissue structures, including ligaments and tendons.

Treatment for MCL Injuries

Non-Surgical Treatment

Many MCL injuries can heal without surgery. Dr. Khaleel may recommend:

1. Rest: Avoid activities that stress the knee.
2. Ice: Apply ice packs to reduce swelling and pain.
3. Compression: Use compression wraps or sleeves to manage swelling.
4. Elevation: Elevate the knee to decrease swelling.
5. Medications: Anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDs) to reduce pain and inflammation.
6. Physical Therapy: Exercises to restore strength and stability.

Surgical Treatment

For severe MCL tears or if non-surgical measures fail, MCL surgery may be necessary.

Post-Surgical Care and Recovery

Post-surgery, a comprehensive rehabilitation program is crucial for successful recovery:

1. Immobilization: The knee may be immobilized with a brace to protect the repair and allow healing.
2. Physical Therapy: Gradual exercises to restore range of motion, strength, and stability.
3. Follow-Up Appointments: Regular check-ups with Dr. Khaleel to monitor progress and adjust the treatment plan as needed.